Resources …

The project relies on it’s volunteer force who collect, check and share information helping us in the preservation and management of these incredible monuments. This includes the Offa’s Dyke YAC and the schools we get involved with in Outreach.

These are only some of the resources available to the schools, YAC folk, groups and the library continues to grow.

A Tribute to Frank Noble

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ehqr_uqOMJI

Outreach at The Offa’s Dyke Centre – Knighton, Powys
Here are some resources for our registered volunteers

Protected: Volunteer’s resources…

Many of those that volunteer or just walk the trails take photographs of the area and have done for some time. If you want to send us some of your pictures taken from the trail please let us know. Volunteers and members of the public wishing to help monitor the monument using photographs, please read these guidelines written for work carried out on Hadrian's wall: Fixed-point photographic monitoring on Hadrian's Wall Path
There are several forms that you could use depending on what you want to record. For example, if you would like to make a written note of what the area is like around a part of the monument (or indeed path/footpath), you may wish to use a form or at least use it as a prompt for what you would like to record. Similarly if you would like to take photos of the area (perhaps together with the written record), then you may wish to use a form to record what it was, the time of day, the conditions on that time/day, etc. Most of all - record your location! You can use an app on your smartphone or may simply wish to use an online map when you get home and take the coordinates from there.
Most 'smartphones' nowadays has the ability to record voice messages or voice notes - use that and remember - record your position and describe the time of day, the conditions and the coordinates.

AgesStartEndStart CorrectionTypeDurationHuman SpeciesGeological PeriodNotesNotable Name
Formation of Earth-4,600,000,000BPEvolution4,600,000,000Formation of the planet Earth
Archean-3,800,000,000-2,500,000,000BPPeriod1,300,000,000
living cells-3,500,000,000BPEvolution3,500,000,000Living cells
eukaryotic cells-1,400,000,000BPEvolution1,400,000,000eukaryotic cells
Cryogenian-850,000,000-635,000,000BPPeriod215,000,000
multi-cellular life, Ediacara-700,000,000BPEvolution700,000,000Multi-cellular creatures
animals with shells - Cambrian-570,000,000BPEvolution570,000,000animals with shells - Cambrian
vertebrates-500,000,000BPEvolution500,000,000Vertebrates
first land vertebrates-380,000,000BPEvolution380,000,000first land vertebrates
dinosaurs dominate-200,000,000-65,000,000BPEvolution135,000,000dinosaurs dominate
first mammals-200,000,000BPEvolution200,000,000first mammals
‘age of mammals begins-65,000,000BPEvolution65,000,000‘age of mammals begins
Sahelanthropus tchadensis-7,000,000-6,000,000BPEvolution1,000,000Sahelanthropus tchadensisSahelanthropus tchadensisWest-Central Africa (Chad)
Pleistocene-7,000,000BPPeriod7,000,000Pleistocene
Earliest hominids-7,000,000BPEvolution7,000,000PleistoceneEarliest hominids
Orrorin tugenensis-6,200,000-5,800,000BPEvolution400,000Orrorin tugenensisPleistoceneMillenium ManEastern Africa (Tugen Hills, central Kenya)
Ardipithecus kadabba-5,800,000-5,200,000BPEvolution600,000Ardipithecus kadabbaPleistoceneArdipithecus kadabbaEastern Africa (Middle Awash Valley, Ethiopia)
Pliocene-5,300,000-2,600,000BPPeriod2,700,000Pliocene
Ardipithecus ramidus-4,400,000-430,000BPEvolution3,970,000Ardipithecus ramidusPlioceneArdiEastern Africa (Middle Awash and Gona, Ethiopia)
Australopithecus anamensis-4,200,000-3,900,000BPEvolution300,000Australopithecus anamensisPlioceneAustralopithecus anamensisEastern Africa (Lake Turkana, Kenya and Middle Awash, Ethiopia)
Australopithecus afarensis-3,850,000-2,950,000BPEvolution900,000Australopithecus afarensis: "Lucy"PlioceneLucy's speciesEastern Africa (Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania)
Kenyanthropus platyops-3,500,000-3,400,000BPEvolution100,000Kenyanthropus platyopsPlioceneKenyanthropus platyopsEastern Africa (West Turkana, Kenya)
Lomekwian-3,300,000BPCulture3,300,000LomekwianStoneage tools in East AfricaEarliest napped tools appear. "Nutcracker man" from West Turkana, Kenya
Australopithecus africanus-3,300,000-2,100,000BPEvolution1,200,000Australopithecus africanusPlioceneA.Africanus (The Taung child)Southern Africa (South Africa)
Stoneage tools in East Africa: Oldest known stone tools-3,250,000BPEvolution3,250,000PlioceneStoneage tools in East AfricaOldest known stone tools
Stoneage tools in East Africa: Oldest known Homo fossils-2,750,000BPEvolution2,750,000PlioceneStoneage tools in East AfricaOldest known Homo fossils
Paranthropus aethiopicus-2,700,000-2,300,000BPEvolution400,000Paranthropus aethiopicusPliocene -> PleistoceneParanthropus aethiopicusEastern Africa (Turkana basin of northern Kenya, southern Ethiopia)
Oldowan-2,600,000-1,500,000Culture1,100,000OldowanStoneage tools in East Africa - relating to or denoting an early Lower Palaeolithic culture of Africa, dated to about 2.0–1.5 million years ago
Pebble cores appear about this time
East Africa
Pleistocene-2,600,000-11,700BPPeriod2,588,300Pleistocene
Stoneage tools in East Africa: Cooler, dryer climate in East Africa-2,500,000BPEvolution2,500,000PleistoceneStoneage tools in East AfricaCooler, dryer climate in East Africa
Australopithecus garhi-2,500,000-2,400,000BPEvolution100,000Australopithecus garhiPleistoceneA. garhiEastern Africa (the site of Bouri, Middle Awash, Ethiopia)
Homo habilis-2,400,000-1,400,000BPEvolution1,000,000Homo habilisPleistoceneHandy ManEastern and Southern Africa (Olduvai Gorge)
Paranthropus boisei-2,300,000-1,200,000BPEvolution1,100,000Paranthropus boiseiPleistoceneBoiseiEastern Africa (Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi)
Stoneage tools in East Africa: H. erectus appears in the fossil record-2,000,000BPEvolution2,000,000PleistoceneStoneage tools in East AfricaH. erectus appears in the fossil record
Australopithecus sediba-1,980,000-1,977,000BPEvolution3,000Australopithecus sedibaPleistoceneAustralopithecus sedibaSouthern Africa (South Africa)
Homo rudolfensis-1,900,000-1,800,000BPEvolution100,000Homo rudolfensisPleistoceneH.rudolfensisEastern Africa (northern Kenya, possibly northern Tanzania and Malawi)
East Turkana (site)-1,900,000-1,500,000BPSite400,000Lower Paleolithic toolsTool use in East Africa
Homo erectus-1,890,000-143,000BPEvolution1,747,000Homo erectus: Zhoukoudian (Choukoutien)Pleistocene‘Turkana Boy’Northern, Eastern, and Southern Africa; Western Asia (Dmanisi, Republic of Georgia); East Asia (China and Indonesia)
Paranthropus robustus-1,800,000-1,200,000BPEvolution600,000Paranthropus robustusPleistoceneP.robustusSouthern Africa (South Africa)
Dmanisi (site)-1,800,000-1,650,000BPSite150,000Paranthropus robustusLower Paleolithic toolsTool use in Europe
Mojokerto (site)-1,800,000-1,850,000BPSite-50,000Lower Paleolithic toolsTool use in Java
Acheulean-1,760,000-150,000BPCulture1,610,000AcheuleanStoneage tools in East Africa - relating to or denoting the main Lower Palaeolithic culture in EuropeHand axes appear about this time
Nariokotome (site)-1,600,000-1,550,000BPSite50,000Lower Paleolithic toolsTool use in East Africa
Olduvai (site)-1,450,000-750,000BPSite700,000Lower Paleolithic toolsTool use in East Africa
Bouri (site)-1,240,000-900,000BPSite340,000Lower Paleolithic toolsTool use in East Africa
Sima del Elefante (Atapuerca) (site)-1,210,000-1,190,000BPSite20,000Lower Paleolithic tools
Stoneage tools in East Africa: Climate shifts to 100k year glacial cycles-900,000BPEvolution900,000PleistoceneStoneage tools in East AfricaClimate shifts to 100k year glacial cycles
Ceprano (site)-900,000-800,000BPSite100,000Lower Paleolithic tools
Gran Dolina (Atapuerca) (site)-850,000-760,000BPSite90,000Lower Paleolithic tools
Palaeolithic, Lower-700,000-250,000BPAge450,000Homo heidelbergensisPleistocene-700000Lithics:Hand axes Flake tools
Pre-historic-700,00043ADAge700,043Pleistocene
Homo heidelbergensis-700,000-200,000BPEvolution500,000Homo heidelbergensisPleistoceneH.hedidelbergensisEurope; possibly Asia (China); Africa (eastern and southern)
Paeleolythic-500,000-10,000BPAge490,000Pleistocene-700000
Homo neanderthalis-400,000-40,000BPEvolution360,000Homo neanderthalisPleistoceneH.neanderthal - "Neandertal"Europe and southwestern to central Asia
Palaeolithic, Middle-250,000-30,000BPAge220,000Homo neanderthalensisMiddle Pleistocene-250000
Middle Pleistocene-250,000BPPeriod250,000Homo neanderthalensis, Homo sapien, Homo floresiensisMiddle Pleistocene-250000
Homo sapien-200,0002,017BPEvolution202,017Homo sapienMiddle Pleistocene"modern man"
Evolved in Africa, now worldwide
First Homo sapiens-200,000BPEvolution200,000Middle PleistoceneFirst Homo sapiens
Homo floresiensis-100,000-50,000BPEvolution50,000Homo floresiensisMiddle PleistoceneThe HobbitAsia (Indonesia). Liang Bua cave on the island of Flores, Indonesia
Palaeolithic, Upper-30,000-10,000BPAge20,000Homo sapiensLate PleistoceneLithics: Blade technology & standardised tools -30000
Upper Pleistocene-30,000BPPeriod30,000Homo sapiensUpper/Late PleistoceneLithics: Blade technology & standardised tools -30000
Holocene-11,700BPPeriod11,700Homo sapiensHolocene
Mesolithic-10,000-6,000BPAge4,000Late Pleistocene-10000
Stone age-6,000-2,000BCAge4,000-6000
Neolithic-4,000-2,500BCAge1,500-4000
Bronze Age-2,500-700BCAge1,800-2500
Roman Empire-753476ADEra1,229-753. Romans threatened by Gogs and Visigogs
Iron age-70043ADAge743-700
Roman Republic-518-27BCAge491-518. When Italians had kings – Pre-(Julius) Caeser
BCE0ADevent0BCE (Before Common Era) and BC (Before Christ) mean the same thing- previous to year 1 CE (Common Era). This is the same as the year AD 1  (Anno Domini); the latter means “in the year of the lord,” often translated as “in the year of our lord.” (It was thought when the AD dating system was created that its year 1 was the year Jesus of Nazareth was born.)
Roman (Romano British)43410ADAge367410 is when the Romans go
Roman Britain43460ADAge41743. Caeser popped over in 55 BC
Saxon era3561066ADEra710AD 356 (361-363), when Julian, later the Roman Emperor, mentioned them in a speech as allies of Magnentius. Julian (Latin: Flavius Claudius Iulianus Augustus, Greek: Φλάβιος Κλαύδιος Ἰουλιανὸς Αὔγουστος;[1] 331/332[2] – 26 June 363), also known as Julian the Apostate was Roman Emperor from 361 to 363, as well as a notable philosopher and author in Greek.[3]
Early Medieval (Anglo-Saxon)4101066ADEra656AKA Anglo-Saxon: Anglo-Saxon not used now because there were a lot more people involved than the Angles and the Saxons
Saxon-Britain4601066ADEra606(see 'Orrorin tugenensis')
Anglo-Saxon5001066ADEra566
Norman – Wales10601163ADEra103
Middle ages10661540ADAge4741066
Medieval (Middle)10661540ADAge474AKA Middle ages
Norman – England10661071ADAge51066. Battle of Hastings when William (a Frenchman) came over
Norman era10661072ADEra6William the Conquerer: not secure on his thrown until after 1072
Norman period10661135ADEra69
Plantagenets11541485ADEra331a royal house which originated from the lands of Anjou in France
Normans – Ireland11691203ADReign34
Tudor14851603ADEra118
Post-medieval15402017ADAge4771540
Elizabethan15581603ADEra45
Stuart16031714ADEra111
Stuart-Jacobean16031625ADEra22
Stuart-Carolean16251649ADEra24
Stuart-(Interregnum)16491660ADEra11Period between reigns in England when there was a revolt against royalsOliver Cromwell and Richard Cromwell were anti-royalists
Stuart (restored)16601714ADReign54Stuarts restoredMary II 1689 - 1694
William III 1694 - 1702
Anne 1702 - 1714
Stuart-Restoration16601688ADEra28
Georgian17141830ADEra116
Regency18111837ADEra26
Victorian18371901ADEra64
Edwardian19011910ADEra9
Windsors191042845ADEra40,935
First World War19141918ADEra4
Interwar19181939ADEra21
Second World War19391945ADEra6
Postwar194542845ADEra40,900
Carbon Dating1960ADevent-1,960C14 dating was developed and publishedDeveloped by Willard Libby in the late 1940s. Because of nuclear tests done in the 1950s and 1960s, the date for C14 dating is taken as 1960 (the last reliable un-affected date)
BP1960ADevent-1,960
Post-processualist1986ADevent-1,986When there was a 'revolution' against processualistsFollowing on from Ian Hodder (and the likes of Carl Marx, etc.) in 1986 the World Archaeological Congress was established - response to the processualist ethos (by Louis Binford)

Why does Offa’s Dyke take a wiggle here?

References:

Mackey, I. (2018) Ian Mackey, Archaeological Outreach. Available at: https://iwm21.wordpress.com/.
Roxby-Mackey, M. (2018) Melanie Leggatt, Archaeoborders. Available at: archaeoborders.wordpress.com.
image_pdfimage_print

Recent Posts

Walk your doggie – on Offa’s Dyke

Searching through things to find citations of Rob Dingle (Powys County Council’s National Trails Officer for Offa’s Dyke), I found this

https://www.yourdog.co.uk/regional-guides/offa-s-dyke-path

And that he had been on the BBC’s Country File

https://www.herefordtimes.com/news/9036787.bbcs-countryfile-visits-offas-dyke-path/


So we will have to take ArchaeoDog (Dougal) and take up the challenge, following the same walk.

Archaeo-Dog Dougal
Dougal helping me with archaeology

Or we could start from the Offa’s Dyke Centre and go from there.
Here’s one of the Outreach visits that helped make the film

Outreach at The Offa’s Dyke Centre – Knighton, Powys

Citations:

Mackey, I. (2018) Ian Mackey, Archaeological Outreach, CCAG, ARA, Offa’s Dyke Association. Available at: https://linktr.ee/iwm21.

image_pdfimage_print
  1. Offa’s Dyke Centre makeover! Leave a Reply
  2. Wilderness Expertise visiting Offa’s Dyke Leave a Reply
  3. A wiggle in Offa’s Dyke Leave a Reply
  4. Offa’s Dyke Association Outreach Leave a Reply